Tue the 9th Waxing Moon of Māgha B.E.2559, February 16, A.D.2016 Year of the Goat
FEBRUARY 10, 2016
Re: US-ASEAN Summit
President Barack Obama
The White House
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
Washington, DC 20500
Dear President Obama:
We, the undersigned organizations and individuals, are writing to ask that you make human rights a priority at the upcoming U.S.-ASEAN summit in Sunnylands, California. Specifically, we urge you to raise concerns with the Vietnamese delegation over their government’s pattern of serious violations of internationally recognized human rights, particularly the right to freedom of religion or belief.
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អង្គការអន្ដរជាតិឃ្លាំមើលសិទ្ធិមនុស្ស: អូបាម៉ា ត្រូវជំរុញឱ្យមានការបោះឆ្នោតសេរី នៅក្នុងប្រទេសវៀតណាម
Tue the 9th Waxing Moon of Māgha B.E.2559, February 16, A.D.2016 Year of the Goat
Published in The Washington Post
While it’s still anyone’s guess who will win November’s presidential election in the United States, I can tell you with certainty — before a ballot is cast — who will win this year’s election in Vietnam. It will be Gen. Tran Dai Quang. I even know who the next prime minister will be. His name is Nguyen Xuan Phuc.
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សេចក្តីថ្លែងការណ៍រួមនៃកិច្ចប្រជុំកំពូលពិសេសរបស់មេដឹកនាំសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក-អាស៊ាន: សេចក្តីប្រកាសនៅសាន់នីឡេនដ៏
មានពីរភាសា ខ្មែរ និង អង់គ្លេស Available in Khmer, English
Tue the 9th Waxing Moon of Māgha B.E.2559, February 16, A.D.2016 Year of the Goat
The White House
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate ReleaseFebruary 16, 2016
Sunnylands, California
February 15-16, 2016
We the Heads of State/Government of the Member States of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and the United States of America gathered in Sunnylands, California, on February 15-16, 2016, for a Special Leaders Summit. This Special U.S.-ASEAN Leaders Summit was the first ever to be held in the United States and the very first Summit following the establishment of the ASEAN Community.
By Michelle Nichols
United Nations (Reuters) – Former U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, a blunt-spoken Egyptian who led the world body through global turmoil as it defined its peacekeeping role and lost his job over disputes with Washington, died on Tuesday. He was 93.
U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali is surrounded by members of the media as he leaves the White House after meeting U.S. President Bill Clinton, in this February 23, 1993 file picture. REUTERS/Stringer/Files
Boutros-Ghali headed the United Nations from 1992-1996, chaotic years marked by war in the former Yugoslavia and famine and genocide in Africa. He died at Al Salam Hospital in Cairo on Tuesday, a hospital official said. Egypt’s state news agency MENA said he had a broken leg and heart and kidney problems.
The 15-member U.N. Security Council observed a minute’s silence after his death was announced.
U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon issued a statement praising Boutros-Ghali for leading the organization through “one of the most tumultuous and challenging periods in its history.”
នៅក្នុងលិខិតចំហ សមាជិកសភាចំនួនជាង ១០០នាក់ អំពាវនាវដល់ប្រធានាធិបតីសហរដ្ឋអាមេរិក ផ្តល់អាទិភាពដល់សិទ្ធិមនុស្សក្នុងកិច្ចប្រជុំកំពូលអាមេរិក-អាស៊ាន
សូមទាញយក Download PDF: APHR_Letter-to-Obama_US-ASEAN-Summit
Mon the 8th Waxing Moon of Māgha B.E.2559, February 15, A.D.2016 Year of the Goat
Engagement with Southeast Asia, a strategically important, economically dynamic region at the heart of the Asia-Pacific, is a central pillar of the U.S. Rebalance to Asia. Sitting astride some of the world’s busiest shipping lanes, Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is strategically important to U.S. interests, and is a key partner in addressing regional and global challenges. Collectively, the ten member states of ASEAN comprise the third-largest economy in Asia and the seventh-largest in the world, with a combined GDP of $2.4 trillion. The ASEAN region is young and dynamic, with a combined population of 632 million people–more than 65 percent of whom are below the age of 35. The United States and ASEAN share a strong interest in building and sustaining a rules-based order in the Asia-Pacific, one in which countries can pursue their objectives peacefully and in accordance with international law and norms.
Recognizing ASEAN’s diplomatic, economic, and strategic importance to the United States, the Obama Administration has invested heavily in its relationship with ASEAN. In 2009, his first year in office, President Obama became the first U.S. president to meet all ten ASEAN leaders as a group; he has met ASEAN leaders a total of six times. He has made seven separate visits to the ASEAN region, more than twice the number of any previous U.S. president.
In 2009, the United States became a party to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia — the bedrock diplomatic document of ASEAN — opening the door for the United States to join the East Asia Summit (EAS). President Obama participated in the EAS for the first time in 2011 and has attended three of the four Summits since. With strong U.S. support, the EAS has become the Asia-Pacific’s premier leaders-level forum on political and security issues, helping to advance a rules-based order and spur cooperation on pressing challenges, including maritime security, countering violent extremism, and transnational cyber cooperation. Secretary Kerry, Secretary of Commerce Pritzker, and other senior U.S. officials have also significantly expanded their engagement with ASEAN leaders, both in regional fora and through visits to ASEAN countries.
In 2010, the United States became the first non-ASEAN country to establish a dedicated diplomatic mission and appoint a resident Ambassador to the ASEAN Secretariat in Jakarta. The Obama Administration also launched the Lower Mekong Initiative in 2009, creating a partnership between the United States and the countries of the Mekong sub-region — Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam — to support sustainable and responsible development, and to narrow the development gap by building capacity in ASEAN’s least developed members.
Since 2010, the Obama Administration has provided $4 billion in development assistance to ASEAN countries. This assistance directly supports our strategic Rebalance to Asia by promoting regional stability and sustainable development.
The United States is strengthening people-to-people links across ASEAN. In December 2013, President Obama launched the Young Southeast Asian Leaders Initiative (YSEALI), a network of people-to-people ties that will benefit U.S.-ASEAN relations for generations to come. YSEALI now engages more than 60,000 young leaders (aged 18-35) from across ASEAN and the United States. The initiative provides training, fellowships, and funding opportunities, as well as a platform to address regional issues, including entrepreneurship, environmental protection, and education. The United States is also working with ASEAN to strengthen women’s leadership in the region by supporting emerging women leaders in the public and private sectors. In 2012, the United States launched the Fulbright U.S.-ASEAN Visiting Scholar Initiative, bringing academics from ASEAN countries to study in the United States, which adds to the more than 700 U.S. Fulbright scholarships awarded to ASEAN members annually. In 2014, the United States and ASEAN launched the Science and Technology Fellows Program, which connects young scientists in ASEAN with opportunities to solve real world challenges, like biodiversity, climate change, and alternative fuels. Today, three million Americans visit the ASEAN region annually and visitors from ASEAN countries spend over $4 billion in the United States each year.
Our economic ties are strong, and growing stronger. ASEAN countries are collectively the United States’ fourth-largest trading partner, with GDP growth that has exceeded the global average every year for the past 15 years. Trade in goods expanded 5 percent in 2015 and now tops $226 billion. During the Obama Administration, trade in goods with ASEAN countries has expanded by 55 percent. More than 500,000 American jobs are now supported by trade in goods and services with ASEAN. U.S. companies have been the leading source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in ASEAN. With a stock of over $226 billion, U.S. FDI in ASEAN has nearly doubled since 2008. FDI from ASEAN countries in the United States was $24.2 billion in 2014.
We have expanded our trade ties with the region. Four ASEAN countries — Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam — are part of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). We also have Trade and Investment Framework Agreements or other formal trade dialogues with nine of the ten ASEAN countries and separately with ASEAN as an institution. These agreements and dialogues provide a mechanism to address trade and investment issues and deepen our economic ties. The United States collaborated with ASEAN countries to create the ASEAN Single Window, which facilitates customs processing and reinforces an efficient regional trade environment.
We have strengthened defense ties throughout the ASEAN region. Under the Obama Administration, we have significantly expanded our defense cooperation with ASEAN countries. Since 2010, the Secretary of Defense has attended every ASEAN Defense Ministers’ Meeting Plus (ADMM+), an important forum for advancing security cooperation. In 2011, the United States became the first country to establish a dedicated Military Advisor/Liaison Officer at the U.S. Mission to ASEAN in Jakarta. The Secretary of Defense hosted his ASEAN counterparts in the United States for the first time for the U.S.-ASEAN Defense Forum in Hawaii in 2014 to discuss important strategic issues. In 2015, the United States announced a new Technical Advisor to ASEAN to support increased information-sharing on transregional threats. ASEAN members are important partners in global security efforts, including the Global Coalition to Counter ISIL (Malaysia, Singapore) and counter-piracy off the Horn of Africa (Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand).
We are partnering to address a growing number of shared global challenges. The United States and ASEAN pledged more than a year ago to achieve a new global climate change agreement, which we did with the rest of the world in Paris last December. The United States and ASEAN cooperate closely to create a low-carbon economic growth trajectory and build more climate resilient societies. U.S. assistance for climate change adaptation in Cambodia and the Philippines has strengthened the capacity of local authorities to mitigate the impacts of destabilizing disasters. In Indonesia, the Philippines, and Vietnam, U.S. climate change mitigation programs are promoting environmentally sustainable development strategies. The United States works with ASEAN institutions, like the ASEAN Coordinating Center for Humanitarian Assistance, to improve disaster response coordination in support of the ‘One ASEAN, One Response’ initiative.
The ASEAN region has been at peace for 40 years, and ASEAN plays an active and positive role in the region and in the world. ASEAN countries collectively provide 4,866 personnel to U.N. peacekeeping efforts. Fifteen years ago, many feared that Southeast Asia would be the “second front” in the fight against terror. Instead, Southeast Asian nations have made major strides in dealing with terrorism, though it remains a threat as elsewhere.
We are committed to working together with ASEAN to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda around the world and in the region. Our economic development and governance programs in countries such as the Philippines, Vietnam, and Indonesia have helped to generate jobs, increase incomes, and create a more reliable regulatory environment. The U.S. is also partnering with ASEAN to advance the Global Health Security Agenda. By accelerating capacity to prevent, detect, and rapidly respond to infectious disease threats, we are saving lives and advancing peace and security.
Our investments in health and education in seven ASEAN countries are increasing prospects for expanded and more inclusive economic growth. The United States will continue to partner with ASEAN countries like the Philippines and Indonesia that are promoting good governance and transparency across the region, including through the Open Government Partnership. Our support for democracy programs in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Burma are building institutions that foster rules-based order and respect for human rights.
ASEAN’s leadership is central to building and sustaining a rules-based order in the Asia-Pacific. Under the Obama Administration, the United States has strongly backed ASEAN’s central role at the heart of the evolving institutional architecture of the Asia-Pacific region, as demonstrated by our commitment to institutions like the EAS and ADMM+. ASEAN’s leadership of regional institutions is founded on respect for international law and norms and peaceful resolution of disputes, principles the United States shares. In 2015, ASEAN formally launched the ASEAN Community to mark nearly 50 years of integration efforts. The United States strongly supports ASEAN’s effort to realize a “rules-based” Community that serves the people of ASEAN and ensures human rights and fundamental freedoms, including by helping ASEAN integrate international human rights standards into legislative and judicial processes. The ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, endorsed in November 2015, is a landmark achievement and established a framework to effectively address human trafficking and ensure protection of people throughout the region. The United States will continue to support ASEAN’s leadership in ensuring full implementation of the Convention.
The United States and ASEAN are taking their relationship to a new level. In November 2015, the leaders of the United States and ASEAN formally elevated their relationship to a strategic partnership. The Sunnylands Summit — the first U.S.-ASEAN standalone Summit in the United States and the first Summit for the ASEAN Community — marks a new milestone in our cooperation. The U.S.-ASEAN partnership has been important in addressing shared challenges on a diverse range of issues — from combatting terrorism and pandemic disease, to upholding international law and standards in the South China Sea and in cyberspace, to taking meaningful action on climate change, inclusive economic growth, and trafficking-in-persons. The United States is firmly committed to the Asia-Pacific and to ASEAN as an essential pillar of the region.
ASEAN, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, was founded in 1967 “to strengthen further the existing bonds of regional solidarity and cooperation.” From the original five member countries, ASEAN has grown to ten members covering more than 1.7 million square miles—over half the size of the continental United States—and a population of 626 million with an economy valued at $2.4 trillion. The ASEAN Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) lays out the key principles of non-interference and cooperative dispute resolution for members. The US acceded to the TAC in 2009 enabling it to participate in the East Asia Summit. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), which is scheduled for implementation in December 2015, aims to create one of the largest single market economies in the world, facilitating the free movement of goods, services, and professionals.
ជីវិត និងសង្គម
An ethical, courteous manners and virtue not fully understand in Khmer society
កូនខ្មែរមួយចំនួនមិនទាន់យល់ច្បាស់ពីពាក្យថា សុភាវធម៌ សុជីវធម៌ សីលធម៌ និងគុណធម៌ នៅឡើយទេ
សុភាវធម៌ = សុ (ល្អ ប្រពៃ ប្រសើរ) + ភាវ (ភាព) + ធម៌ (ឱវាទ ក្រឹត្យក្រម ពាក្យទូន្មានណែនាំ ច្បាប់ វិន័យ)
សុភាវធម៌ មានន័យថា ជាក្រឹត្យក្រម ច្បាប់វិន័យអប់រំ ដើម្បីឲ្យមនុស្ស មានដំណើរក្នុងភាពជាមនុស្សល្អប្រពៃប្រសើរ។ ហើយសុភាវធម៌ ចែកចេញជាបីគឺ សុជីវធម៌ សីលធម៌ និងគុណធម៌។
សុជីវធម៌ = សុ (ល្អ ប្រពៃ ប្រសើរ) + ជីវ (ជីវិត) + ធម៌ (ឱវាទ ក្រឹត្យក្រម ច្បាប់ វិន័យ ពាក្យទូន្មានណែនាំ)
សុជីវធម៌ សំដៅទៅលើច្បាប់អប់រំខ្លួន ដើម្បីរក្សាដំណើរជីវិត ឲ្យប្រពៃសមសួន។ សុជីវធម៌ មានរួមបញ្ចូលនូវការអប់រំផ្សេងៗ ដូចជា ៖
កន្លងមក ខ្មែរយើងខ្លះ ចំណាំនាំគ្នាប្រើពាក្យនេះ តាមសម័យប៉ុលពត ដែលគេប្រើពាក្យនេះ សំដៅទៅលើចំណងរវាងបុរសនិងស្ត្រី។ តែពេលនេះ យើងសិក្សាអំពីអត្ថន័យពិតប្រាកដរបស់ពាក្យសីលធម៌។
សីលធម៌ = សីល (ដំណើរប្រព្រឹត្តវៀរចាកអំពើបាប ឬអំពើអាក្រក់) + ធម៌ (ឱវាទ ក្រឹត្យក្រម ច្បាប់ វិន័យ ពាក្យទូន្មានណែនាំ)
សីលធម៌ សំដៅទៅលើវិន័យក្រឹត្យក្រមសម្រាប់អប់រំខ្លួនឲ្យប្រព្រឹត្តកាយ វាចា ចិត្ត វៀរចាកនូវអំពើបាប ឬអំពើអាក្រក់ ។ តើសីលធម៌មានអ្វីខ្លះ?
នៅក្នុងព្រះពុទ្ធសាសនា ជនសាមញ្ញទូទៅ ហោចណាស់ ត្រូវរៀនកាន់ក្រឹត្យ វិន័យឲ្យបានប្រាំសាខាធំៗ គឺ ៖
ជាពិសេសត្រូវចេះរំលត់លោភៈទោសៈមោហៈរបស់ខ្លួន។
គុណធម៌ = គុណ (ដំណើរធ្វើឲ្យចម្រើនឡើង ដោយលក្ខណៈ ដែលអ្នកដទៃគួរគោរព) +ធម៌ (ឱវាទ ក្រឹត្យក្រម ច្បាប់ វិន័យ ពាក្យទូន្មានណែនាំ)
គុណធម៌មានន័យថា ជាការប្រព្រឹត្ដិអំពើល្អប្រសើរចំពោះអ្នកដទៃ ដែលជាអំពើ ដែលនាំមកនូវភាពចម្រុងចម្រើន កាន់តែច្រើន ដែលគេផងរាល់គ្នាគោរពកោតសរសើរ ហើយក៏មានទឹកចិត្តកតញ្ញូចង់តបស្នងធ្វើនូវអំពើល្អនោះត្រឡប់ទៅវិញ បន្ថែម បន្តទៀត ដោយទឹកចិត្តជ្រះថ្ ពីក្នុងចិត្ត ក្នុងបេះដូងរបស់គេ។ គុណធម៌ គឺជាដំណើរប្រព្រឹត្តអំពើល្អរបស់មនុស្សចំពោះពលរដ្ឋដទៃទៀតក្នុងសង្គម ដូចជា សង្គមគ្រួសារ សង្គមការងារ សង្គមជាតិ ជាដើម។
តើដំណើរប្រព្រឹត្តអំពើគុណធម៌មានអ្វីខ្លះទៅ ជាឧទាហរណ៍?
ដូចនេះក្នុងនាមជាកូនខ្មែរ យើងត្រូវតែស្វែងយល់ឲ្យច្បាស់ពីអត្ថន័យរបស់ពាក្យទាំងអស់នេះ ជាពិសេសត្រូវរៀនពីសុភាវធម៌ខ្មែរ ដើម្បីខ្លួនឯង គ្រួសារ និងសង្គមជាតិផងដែរ។ ជាចុងក្រោយខ្ញុំក៏សូមអរគុណផងដែរទៅដល់អ្នកស្រី កែវ ច័ន្ទបូរណ៍ ដែលបានចងក្រងឯកសារអំពីសុភាវធម៌ខ្មែរនេះឡើង ដើម្បីជាប្រយោជន៍ទៅដល់កូនខ្មែរក្នុងសិក្សាស្វែងយល់៕
ប្រភព cambomag
សូមអរគុណដ៏ជ្រាលជ្រៅចំពោះសប្បុរសជននូវវិភាគទានទាំងនេះ។